Facing Another Drought, California Proposes Buying Out Farmers’ Water Rights

In an ongoing struggle over water supply in California, a state that is grappling with another incoming summer of crippling drought, officials have proposed buying back water rights held by local farmers.

In California, all water is technically the property of the state government. But thanks to a set of regulations, some farmers have “senior water rights” that allow them to take as much water as they need to keep their crops growing in abundance. The new proposal, introduced as part of budget negotiations between Governor Gavin Newsom’s administration and lawmakers, would use $1.5 million in taxpayer dollars to buy some of those rights back from farmers to keep the water in waterways.

According to the US Drought Monitor, 98 percent of California is in a state of severe or worse level of drought, resulting in low river levels and bad news for endangered salmon and other fish species in the region.

Proponents of the idea say that it could help mitigate decades-long arguments that arise every year between environmental groups and farmers. In theory, buying the water rights would allow officials to keep more water in the rivers, which would benefit endangered fish species and the overall health of the ecosystems that rely on the rivers, while still aiding farmers by padding their pockets.

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The money would come from the state’s record-high $100-billion budget surplus. But the $1.5-billion plan wouldn’t go as far as it may seem. John McManus, executive director of Golden State Salmon, told CBS Sacramento that the amount of water wouldn’t be enough to negatively impact the agricultural industry, but it could help fish species in dire need of more water.

“This is no threat to irrigated agriculture in California. It’s not going anywhere. The $1.5 billion may sound like a lot of money, but it’s not a lot in the grand scheme of things,” he said. “We’re talking about the possibility of providing a small amount of additional water to keep species currently on life support from going extinct and, hopefully, to rebuild the population.”

With the budget, the government could purchase only 200,000 acre-feet—defined as enough water to cover one acre with one foot of water—of the 35 million acre-feet farmers use annually, according to Capital Press. Each acre-foot of water would cost them an average of $7,500; that is, if farmers are willing to sell—an aspect of the proposal that has sparked controversy.

On one hand, notes Tom Birmingham, general manager of Westlands Water District, it’s not all that uncommon for farmers to sell their water rights back to the district.